20080805我在網誌刊登「國際合作研擬永續旅遊準則中英文對照版本」,中文部分是由張顧獻博士與我合譯,陶維極老師審校,當時國際研擬團隊在網路上徵求世界各地關心永續旅遊發展的業者、政府單位及個人對準則草案提出意見,我也上去關心一番。
很快的,草案定稿了,並在20081006西班牙巴塞隆納舉行的世界自然保育聯盟IUCN會員大會上正式對全球公布。
我對照定稿本與草案,整體架構與準則數沒變,只有少數幾條內容文字有增刪,於是根據之前的翻譯稿配合現況再修飾一下,將最新公布的「全球永續旅遊準則」中英文版本放在底下供大家參考及一起推動。
另外,因為這是全球首次有一個共識度最高的永續旅遊準則(以往都是各國、各區域或業者聯盟自訂自的),因此備受旅遊產業與國際組織重視。20081020一則新聞說明這個準則的重要性與研擬團隊的一些想法,我請我的環境教育伙伴陳李逸先生翻譯,請大家先參考瞭解,接著再看準則全文,則更有概念。
全球永續旅遊準則公布
陳李逸翻譯
環保團體與旅遊業者共同合作,研擬了全球性的永續旅遊準則。
愈來愈多的遊客渴望度個「永續假期」(Sustainable Vacations),愈來愈多的旅遊景點也希望有辦法減輕因遊客人數增加,對景點所產生的負面衝擊。不過,全球永續旅遊準則的研擬團隊(Members of the Partnership for Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria),在西班牙巴塞隆納舉行的世界自然保育聯盟會員大會(World Conservation Union (IUCN) World Congress)上發表準則時表示:「目前全球約有300種永續旅遊標準,如果遊客想在旅遊時對景點產生較小的衝擊,卻因為標準種類繁多,使遊客難以選擇。」
永續旅遊準則的研擬團隊結合了27個旅遊業者與環保團體,認為此準則將成為全球公認的標準,就如同森林管理協會(Forest Stewardship Council,https://www.fsc.org/)所認證的木製產品,或美國綠建築協會(U.S.
永續旅遊在近年快速成長,目前約佔所有旅遊型態的1%。在2007早期,這股潮流促使關心環境的環保團體與幾個主要的旅遊業者(含:Choice Hotels, Hyatt Hotels(君悅飯店), Travelocity, Expedia, Inc., and the American Hotel & Lodging Association),攜手合作研訂全球性的永續旅遊準則。
準則研擬團隊指出:「此準則要求旅遊業者不能對景點的生物棲息地、當地社區或文化遺產產生不可逆的衝擊。若此準則被廣泛採用,還可以進一步「綠化」旅館業與度假村的供應鍊(Supply Chain),以及降低旅遊對野生動物與當地社區的負面衝擊。」
永續旅遊準則必須根據旅遊地的獨特環境與文化特性彈性處理,由地方組織或政府依據當地特質制訂實際規範。此準則將在全世界應用,因此研訂者不希望過高的門檻阻礙了旅遊業者的參與。讓準則能一開始就被採用才是最重要的。
此準則在環境面,希望業者減少消耗能源、用水量、垃圾量及溫室氣體排放量;在社會衝擊面則希望行為規範(Code of Conduct)能用於遊客參與原住民之在地社區的旅遊活動上,而且旅遊業者必須能夠尊重文化遺產與野生動物。
旅遊,包含直接或間接的方式,提供世界8%的就業機會,並有百萬兆美元的產值,也是迄今最快速成長的產業。世界旅遊組織(World Tourism Organization)預測在2010年會有十一億人從事旅遊活動,並在2020年高達十六億人。如此快速的成長也引發對環境的憂慮,包含棲地破壞、資源耗損及污染。根據聯合國環境計畫署(United Nations Environment Programme)指出,旅遊產生了5%的全球溫室氣體排放量。
旅遊活動也會引進外國遊客至傳統文化保護區域,這可能會威脅到原住民要保存的文化遺產。
旅遊業聯盟(Federation of Tourism Operators)的「負責任旅遊(Responsible Tourism)」部門主管Chris Thompson表示:「旅遊是否真能永續?由於現今旅遊營運的方式,我並不這麼認為。我們能做的就是減輕負面衝擊,使其儘可能地永續。」
新聞原文請點閱:https://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/38443
Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria 全球永續旅遊準則
張顧獻 賴鵬智合譯 陶維極審校
A. Demonstrate effective sustainable management. 展現有效的永續經營管理方式
· A.1. The company has implemented a long-term sustainability management system that is suitable to its reality and scale, and that considers environmental, sociocultural, quality, health, and safety issues. 業者已經實施長期的永續經營管理系統,該系統適用於業者現狀及其規模,也考慮到環境、社會文化、品質、健康及安全等要項。
· A.2. The company is in compliance with all relevant international or local legislation and regulations (including, among others, health, safety, labor, and environmental aspects). 業者經營皆合於相關法律規章,包括健康、安全、勞工及環境等各方面。
· A.3. All personnel receive periodic training regarding their role in the management of environmental, sociocultural, health, and safety practices. 所有職員皆接受有關環境、社會文化、健康及安全等方面的教育訓練,以瞭解其經營管理之角色與任務。
·A.4. Customer satisfaction is measured and corrective action taken where appropriate. 評量遊客滿意度並適切改善。
· A.5. Promotional materials are accurate and complete and do not promise more than can be delivered by the business. 促銷內容必須完整與正確且不要作超過業者能力範圍的承諾。
· A.6. Design and construction of buildings and infrastructure: 建物及設施之設計與建造:
o A.6.1. comply with local zoning and protected or heritage area requirements; 合於土地分區管制及保護區或文化遺產之相關規定;
oA.6.2. respect the natural or cultural heritage surroundings in siting, design, impact assessment, and land rights and acquisition; 在取得土地、環境影響評估、設計時,要尊重區位內的自然生態或文化遺產;
o A.6.3 use locally appropriate principles of sustainable construction; 採用適合當地永續性建設的方法;
o A.6.4 provide access for persons with special needs. 提供有特殊需求的人們得以親近的機會。
· A.7. Information about and interpretation of the natural surroundings, local culture, and cultural heritage is provided to customers, as well as explaining appropriate behavior while visiting natural areas, living cultures, and cultural heritage sites. 提供周遭自然資源、在地文化、文化遺產之相關資訊與解說,同時要求遊客在參訪自然區域、在地生活文化及文化遺址時應遵守行為規範。
B. Maximize social and economic benefits to the local community and minimize negative impacts. 儘量提升在地社區之社會與經濟利益並降低負面衝擊。
·B.1. The company actively supports initiatives for social and infrastructure community development including, among others, education, health, and sanitation. 業者積極支持社區之社會與基礎建設之相關發展,包括教育、健康、公共衛生等方面。
·B.2. Local residents are employed, including in management positions. Training is offered as necessary. 雇用在地居民(任用職務包含管理階層)並施以教育訓練。
· B.3. Local and fair-trade services and goods are purchased by the business, where available. 儘可能採購當地或是公平交易的服務或物品。
·B.4. The company offers the means for local small entrepreneurs to develop and sell sustainable products that are based on the area’s nature, history, and culture (including food and drink, crafts, performance arts, agricultural products, etc.). 業者應促進在地小生意發展及販賣生產自當地自然、歷史、文化的產品(例如食物、飲料、手工藝品、藝術展演、農特產品等)。
·B.5. A code of conduct for activities in indigenous and local communities has been developed, with the consent of and in collaboration with the community. 有關牽涉原住民或當地社區之活動行為規範,皆已建立經過社區協商並同意的管理機制。
·B.6. The company has implemented a policy against commercial exploitation, particularly of children and adolescents, including sexual exploitation. 業者抵制性產業,尤其是兒童與青少年之性交易。
·B.7. The company is equitable in hiring women and local minorities, including in management positions, while restraining child labor. 業者公平雇用婦女與少數民族(任用職務包含管理階層),並禁止雇用童工。
·B.8. The international or national legal protection of employees is respected, and employees are paid a living wage. 所有員工皆受國際或國內法律保障且領有能夠維持生活的工資。
·B.9. The activities of the company do not jeopardize the provision of basic services, such as water, energy, or sanitation, to neighboring communities. 業者行為不能危害到周遭社區之生活基本供給如水、能源或公共衛生。
C. Maximize benefits to cultural heritage and minimize negative impacts. 將文化遺產的效益發揮到最大,並將衝擊降到最小。
·C.1. The company follows established guidelines or a code of behavior for visits to culturally or historically sensitive sites, in order to minimize visitor impact and maximize enjoyment. 業者須遵守造訪較脆弱之文化及歷史景點之指導方針或行為規範,以期儘量減少旅客所帶來的衝擊及儘量展現旅遊樂趣。
·C.2. Historical and archeological artifacts are not sold, traded, or displayed, except as permitted by law. 除了法規允許外,不可販售、交易或陳列具歷史及考古意義的手工藝品。
·C.3. The business contributes to the protection of local historical, archeological, culturally, and spiritually important properties and sites, and does not impede access to them by local residents. 業者應促進對當地歷史、考古、文化及精神重要資產與區位的維護,並且不阻礙當地居民使用或接近該資產的權利
·C.4 The business uses elements of local art, architecture, or cultural heritage in its operations, design, decoration, food, or shops; while respecting the intellectual property rights of local communities. 業者運用當地藝術、建築或文化遺產的元素於其經營、設計、裝潢(飾)、食品或店面時,須尊重當地社區的智慧財產權。
D. Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts. 創造環境最大效益並避免產生負面衝擊。
·D.1. Conserving resources節約資源
oD.1.1. Purchasing policy favors environmentally friendly products for building materials, capital goods, food, and consumables. 採購建築材料、生財資產、食品及消耗品時應優先考慮環保產品。
oD.1.2. The purchase of disposable and consumable goods is measured, and the business actively seeks ways to reduce their use. 業者應衡量是否一定要購買拋棄式用品及消耗品,並積極設法減少使用該類產品。
oD.1.3. Energy consumption should be measured, sources indicated, and measures to decrease overall consumption should be adopted, while encouraging the use of renewable energy. 評估能源使用及確認其來源並運用有效措施減少整體耗能,也鼓勵使用再生能源。
oD.1.4. Water consumption should be measured, sources indicated, and measures to decrease overall consumption should be adopted. 評估水資源之使用及確認其來源並運用有效措施減少整體耗水量。
·D.2. Reducing pollution減少污染
oD.2.1. Greenhouse gas emissions from all sources controlled by the business are measured, and procedures are implemented to reduce and offset them as a way to achieve climate neutrality. 業者須衡量所有會排放溫室氣體的來源,並實施減少及補償的機制以期達成氣候平衡。
oD.2.2. Wastewater, including gray water, is treated effectively and reused where possible. 應有效處理廢污水(含非工業廢污水),並儘可能再利用。
oD.2.3. A solid waste management plan is implemented, with quantitative goals to minimize waste that is not reused or recycled. 實施固體廢棄物管理計畫,該計畫應設量化目標以期將不再利用或不再循環之廢棄物減到最少。
oD.2.4. The use of harmful substances, including pesticides, paints, swimming pool disinfectants, and cleaning materials, is minimized; substituted, when available, by innocuous products; and all chemical use is properly managed. 應減量使用有害物質,包含殺蟲劑、塗料、游泳池消毒劑、清潔用品等,儘可能以無害產品替代,同時正確管理所有化學物品之使用。
oD.2.5. The business implements practices to reduce pollution from noise, light, runoff, erosion, ozone-depleting compounds, and air and soil contaminants. 業者應採取措施以減少來自噪音、亮光、逕流、腐蝕、耗損臭氧層之複合物、空氣及土壤污染物所造成的污染。
·D.3. Conserving biodiversity, ecosystems, and landscapes保存生物多樣性、生態系及地景
oD.3.1. Wildlife species are only harvested from the wild, consumed, displayed, sold, or internationally traded, as part of a regulated activity that ensures that their utilization is sustainable. 在確保永續利用且受規範下,野生物才得以獵捕採集、販售、陳列、買賣或國際貿易。
oD.3.2. No captive wildlife is held, except for properly regulated activities, and living specimens of protected wildlife species are only kept by those authorized and suitably equipped to house and care for them. 除了正當規範下的行為,不得採捕保有野生物。也必須在主管機關同意且有適當設備可以圈養照護的環境下才能持有活體保育類野生物。
oD.3.3. The business uses native species for landscaping and restoration, and takes measures to avoid the introduction of invasive alien species. 業者應使用原生物種造景及整建,並予以監控以避免引進外來入侵種。
oD.3.4. The business contributes to the support of biodiversity conservation, including supporting natural protected areas and areas of high biodiversity value. 業者應支持生物多樣性保育,包括支持或贊助設立自然保護區及高生物多樣性價值的區域。
oD.3.5. Interactions with wildlife must not produce adverse effects on the viability of populations in the wild; and any disturbance of natural ecosystems is minimized, rehabilitated, and there is a compensatory contribution to conservation management. 與野生物的互動過程必須不會對其族群生存造成不良後果;對生態系的干擾要降到最低。復育則是保育經營管理上的一種補償措施。
後記:
在我們完成翻譯並上網公布後,我透過電郵寄給建立該國際準則的「永續旅遊聯盟」,
延伸閱讀:
賴兄
你對環境保護的努力與貢獻令我尊敬與佩服
謝謝您所有的付出
這份準則我覺得即使是一般人都應該詳讀
讓自己的旅行或是活動也具有關懷環境的概念
真是讚!!!!
太令人感動了, 希望台灣能夠更快與國際接軌. 感謝前輩們的努力.
漂亮,好事一樁。生態旅遊協會也該想想如何與國際接軌,如何再推廣及提升台灣的生態旅遊發展。感謝Bird。
[轉貼]全球永續旅遊準則
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