Credit: Conversio
如何讓旅遊業更具生態效能
Eco-efficient tourism
原文網址：https://www.ecotourism.org.au/news/business-eco-efficiency-tips/
翻譯：張顧獻、賴鵬智
讓企業營運更具生態效能及永續性的好處多多，可以節省成本、提升企業形象，並且減少排放溫室氣體。但是你要從哪裡著手呢？就讓澳洲Conversio環保顧問公司負責人Alex Stathakis來告訴你一些入門秘訣。
Making your business more eco-efficient and sustainable makes good business sense – it can translate into cost savings, enhance your reputation, and reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions released into the atmosphere.
But where do you start? Conversio’s Alex Stathakis provides some pointers.
能源效能 Energy efficiency
了解你耗能的位置和時間點是很重要的。例如，旅宿業為了讓客人感到舒適而使用的照明和室內空調會在晚間消耗大量能源。餐飲業則因為需要儲存、準備和烹調食物，而多在白天消耗能源。因此，旅宿業會在照明與冷暖氣的調節措施上受惠最多，而餐飲業在屋頂上裝置太陽能設備則會有相當助益。
It is important to understand where and when you consume energy. For example, an accommodation business would consume most of its energy during the evening hours with a lot of energy spent on lighting and controlling indoor temperature to keep guest comfortable. In a hospitality business on the other hand, energy consumption will occur throughout the day because of storing, preparing and cooking food. Therefore, accommodation businesses would benefit most from investing into lighting and heating and cooling measures, whereas hospitality might find it useful to consider rooftop solar options.
應關閉未使用的耗能設備，包括照明，尤其是超過數小時不使用者。這件事可藉由員工、計時開關或調整建物控制設備來達成。當購買新設備時，應尋求最具效能的選項。「能源之星」排名可以幫助你決定如何購買。你也應該確認你為某個事項所購買的設備型號和尺寸是正確的。
Switch off energy-consuming equipment, including lights, when you are not using it, especially after hours. This can be done by staff, timer switches or adjusting building control systems. When purchasing new equipment, look for the most efficient options. The Energy Star rating will help you with your purchasing decision. You should also make sure that you purchase the right type and size of equipment for the job.
暖氣和冷氣 Heating and cooling
建物內所產生的熱愈多，例如：照明、電腦、廚房設備以及外面天氣愈熱時，你的空調系統便會更費力地運作以維持所設定的溫度。業者須提供配合戶外天候狀況的室內溫度，大多數人感到舒適的溫度範圍在18-26°C。24°C和19°C左右分別是在夏天和冬天時讓員工與客人感到舒適的設定溫度。在冬天，溫度每上升1°C就會讓你的能源使用量上升15%。在夏天，溫度每下降1°C就會使你的能源使用量上升10%。藉由正確設定溫度，升溫和降溫時可以減少最多達50%的能源消耗。另外，鼓勵員工和客人依照當季天候狀況搭配穿著。在你的工作空間要避免穿堂風跟陽光直射的影響。
The more heat is generated inside the building, e.g. through lighting, computers, kitchen equipment and the hotter the weather outside, the harder your air-conditioning system must work to maintain the desired temperature. Most people feel comfortable in a temperature range of between 18-26°C, provided the temperature is in line with outdoor conditions. Temperatures around 24°C in summer and 19°C in winter are comfortable settings for staff and guests. In winter, every 1°C increase in temperature will increase your energy use by up to 15%. In summer, every 1°C decrease in temperature will increase your energy use by up to 10%. By setting the temperature right, energy use for heating and cooling can be reduced by as much as 50%. In addition, encourage staff and guests to dress for the seasonal weather. Ensure your own workspaces are shielded from draughts and direct sunlight.
水 Water
水的用量可能佔營運成本（以及能源帳單）的一大部分。在洗衣設施、廁所、淋浴和水龍頭上投資提升用水效能和省水科技並不會花費太多，且通常在一年內就可以回收成本，這種作法很具有經濟吸引力。如同節能設備，許多用水裝置亦有節水能力的排名。請參考https://www.waterrating.gov.au 以獲得更多資訊。
Water use can be a large part of your operating costs (and energy bill). Investing in water efficiency and water saving technology for laundry facilities, toilets, showers, and faucets does not cost the world and often have a payback period of less than one year, making them very economically attractive. Just like with energy efficient equipment, many appliances come with a water rating. Check https://www.waterrating.gov.au for more information.
照明 Lighting
升級企業的照明系統是減少能源支出的最簡單方法，且可減少溫室氣體的排放。用更具效能的T5燈管取代傳統的T8燈管，或盡可能使用省電燈泡。省電燈泡較白熾燈泡可省下約75%以上的能源。LED燈則是更好的選擇，雖然成本稍高，但使用壽命卻長很多，所產生的熱更少，而且跟其他方案相比，也使用更少的能源。其他選項也包括安裝光感應器及人體感應器或調光器，當然，也盡可能多使用自然光。綜合使用這些選項可以節省高達80%的照明耗能。
Updating your business’ lighting is one of the easiest ways to reduce your energy costs and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Replace the common T8 fluorescent tubes with the more efficient T5s and use compact fluorescents where possible. Consider this, when switching to compact fluorescent lighting you use around 75% less energy when compared to incandescent lights… LED lights are even better. They may cost a little more, but last a lot longer, create less heat, and use only a fraction of energy compared to other alternatives. Other options include installing light and occupancy sensors, as well as dimmers, and, of course, using as much natural light as possible. Together, these options can save you up to 80% of your lighting energy use
廢棄物減量 Waste reduction
許多旅遊業者已經採取各種避免產生廢棄物及資源回收的策略。其中包括回收紙張、紙箱及玻璃，也與供應商商議以確保不過度包裝及其他包裝材料可以回收再利用。建議考慮以租賃代替購買家具和設備，長期下來，不但花費較少，還可以讓你經常升級設施而不需總是購買新的物品，更不必為丟棄舊品負責。你務必要跟員工說明廢棄物處理原則，向他們解釋在你的企業應如何處理廢棄物以及你的期許。同時，請員工回應或建議，你會訝異從中可以獲得很棒的想法。
Many businesses in the tourism sector already use a number of waste avoidance and recycling strategies. These include paper, cardboard and glass recycling, as well as talking to suppliers to ensure that excess packaging is removed and other packaging materials can be returned for reuse. Consider leasing equipment and furniture instead of purchasing them. This can be cheaper in the long run and allows you to upgrade your business on a regular basis without having to purchase new stuff all the time, and you will not be responsible for the disposal. Make sure that you talk to your staff about waste initiatives, explain to them how things are done in your business and what your expectations are. At the same time, do invite feedback and suggestions from your staff. You’ll be surprised by the great ideas that come out of it.
以上就是一些簡單、節省成本而能達到更好的生態效能及永續性的訣竅。
There you go. Some easy, cost-effective tips on how to be more eco-efficient and sustainable.
但要銘記在心的是，部分措施也會增加額外的成本，所帶來的好處只在有效執行時才會顯現，所以你需要確保不論你做什麼，要適得其用，並符合你企業的需求和員工能力所及。
But do keep in mind that some measures represent a cost. Benefits only arise from effective application, so you need to ensure that whatever you do, it is fit-for-purpose and matches the requirements of your business and abilities of your staff.
如果你想對此議題有更深入的了解，也想讓你的企業節省更多錢、減少生態足跡而聲譽鵲起，那就到Conversio 與Alex Stathakis聊聊吧！
If you would like to know more about this topic, how your business can save money, reduce its footprint and bolster its reputation, talk to Alex Stathakis from Conversio.
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