太陽是一顆充滿動態流體的球體，表面磁場不斷扭轉纏繞，在大氣層中激發出閃焰與氣體環流。正是這些磁場決定了太陽何時爆發並向地球噴發粒子。太陽南北極磁場每11年反轉一次，目前太陽的地磁南極與地磁北極都位於太陽南極，這種混亂狀態是暫時現象，表示太陽磁場即將翻轉。歐洲太空總署（ESA）與美國航空暨太空總署（NASA）於2025年6月中旬分別發布由太陽軌道載具首度拍攝到太陽南極的畫面，也看到太陽南北極磁場匯集於南極的混亂場面，這是人類迄今拍攝到最接近且最詳細的太陽影像，極其珍貴。
（編按：所謂「太陽噴發」即太陽大氣中發生劇烈能量釋放現象，主要以太陽閃焰和拋射日冕物質的形式呈現。）
太陽軌道載具（Solar Orbiter）是ESA和NASA合作的計畫，於2020年2月發射升空，其獨特的高傾角（17°-33°）橢圓軌道設計，使它能更有效地觀測太陽兩極的磁場活動。
這次的觀測結果，是透過多種儀器，包括極化與日震影像儀（PHI）、極紫外全太陽高解析影像儀（EUI）和極紫外光譜影像儀（SPICE）等，首次直接拍攝到太陽的神秘南極，也發現太陽的地磁南極與地磁北極目前都位於太陽南極。
底下有三段影片，前二段是英文旁白，我將影片的英文簡介與字幕依照時序對照中文放在影片下方，大家可以參考著看影片內容。
NASA播出的影片：「NASA光耀計畫：太陽軌道載具首度揭示太陽磁極」（NASA’s Illuminate: Solar Orbiter Reveals Sun’s Poles For The First Time）
簡介：
歐洲太空總署與NASA合作的太陽軌道載具首次揭開太陽極區的神秘面紗。這艘探測器憑藉獨特的「傾斜軌道」，使人類首度得以觀測到太陽這些原本隱藏的區域。
新影像驚人地呈現出太陽兩極斑駁交錯的磁場分布。這正是太陽處於最混沌階段的徵兆——此刻其整體磁場正處於徹底翻轉的關鍵期。
憑藉全新的觀測視角，太陽軌道器將成為首個見證太陽兩極磁場翻轉過程的太空探測器。其收集的數據將為影響地球的太陽爆發現象提供突破性的成因解析。
ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter has revealed the first-ever images of the Sun’s polar regions, previously hidden parts of the Sun newly visible thanks to the spacecraft’s uniquely “tilted” orbit. The new images showcase a surprisingly splotchy mix of magnetic fields at the Sun’s poles. It’s a sign that our Sun is in its most chaotic phase, right in the middle of “flipping” its entire magnetic field upside down.
With its new vantage point, Solar Orbiter will be the first spacecraft to watch this flipping process happen at the Sun’s poles. The data will give new insight into the forces driving solar eruptions that affect Earth. NASA’s Illuminate: Out-of-this-world images shining light on our Sun and solar system.
旁白字幕：
0:00 史上首次
0:01 太空船成功拍攝到太陽極區影像
0:06 多數太空船沿太陽赤道軌道運行
0:09 但2025年3月，太陽軌道載具傾斜航跡
0:13 使太陽南極首度進入觀測視野
0:17 透過偵測太陽磁場
0:19 太空船發現混亂交織的磁力結構
0:24 藍紅斑點標示相異磁極方向
0:27 猶如磁鐵的南北兩極
0:31 但此繽紛景象稍縱即逝
0:34 當前太陽正處自然週期中最混沌階段
0:39 每隔11年，太陽南北磁極便會翻轉
0:43 此刻翻轉程序已經啟動
0:45 導致極區磁極複雜交混
0:49 數年後兩極磁力將涇渭分明
0:52 各據南北兩極
0:55 太陽軌道載具將成為首艘
0:57 記錄磁極翻轉的太空船
0:59 其觀測數據至關重要
1:02 有助理解太陽活動如何影響地球
0:00 For the first time ever,
0:01 a spacecraft has captured images of the Sun’s polar regions.
0:06 Most spacecraft orbit around the Sun’s equator,
0:09 but in March 2025, Solar Orbiter tilted its orbit
0:13 to bring the Sun’s south pole into view.
0:17 Looking at the Sun’s magnetic field,
0:19 the spacecraft discovered a chaotic mix of magnetic forces.
0:24 Blue and red speckles mark different magnetic polarities,
0:27 like the opposite sides of a magnet.
0:31 But this multicolored view won’t last long.
0:34 Right now, the Sun is in the most chaotic phase of its natural cycle.
0:39 Every 11 years, the Sun’s northern and southern magnetic poles reverse.
0:43 That reversal is underway now,
0:45 unleashing a complex mix of polarities at the poles.
0:49 In a few years, the two polarities will separate
0:52 to inhabit opposite poles.
0:55 Solar Orbiter will be the first spacecraft
0:57 to watch this flip happen at the poles,
0:59 giving us information that’s key to understanding
1:02 how solar activity impacts us on Earth.
底下是ESA播出的影片：「太陽軌道載具全球獨家直擊太陽南磁極影像」（Solar Orbiter gets world-first views of the Sun’s south pole）
簡介：
我們從一個前所未見的全新角度觀察太陽。
從地球望去，我們總是朝向太陽赤道方向觀測。今年，由歐洲太空總署主導的太陽軌道載具任務，藉由脫離行星與所有太陽觀測衛星所在的黃道面——將軌道傾斜17度，突破了常規視角限制。人類終於首次清晰窺見太陽未被探索的極區。
透過不同儀器，太陽軌道載具能觀測太陽外層的動態變化。這些層面的物質從未靜止，持續被推離太陽表面，再（通常）落回日表。
耐人尋味的是，觀測發現太陽磁場的南北極完全糾纏不清，甚至在太陽南極區域同時存在著南北磁極性區域。這種現象僅在太陽磁場翻轉的週期節點——即每11年一次的太陽活動週期極大期——才會出現。
未來數年間，太陽軌道載具將持續密切關注太陽（包含極區）。其獨特視角將徹底改變人類對太陽磁場、太陽活動週期及太空天氣運作機制的理解。
What if we could look at the Sun from a whole new angle, one we’ve never seen before? From Earth, we always look towards the Sun’s equator. This year, the ESA-led Solar Orbiter mission broke free of this ‘standard’ viewpoint by tilting its orbit to 17° – out of the ecliptic plane where the planets and all other Sun-watching spacecraft reside. Now for the first time ever, we can clearly see the Sun’s unexplored poles. Using different instruments, Solar Orbiter can see what happens throughout the Sun’s outer layers. The material in these layers never stays still, being pushed outward and (usually) falling back to the Sun. Interestingly, it saw that the Sun’s magnetic field has its north and south all tangled up, with patches of both magnetic polarities present right up to the Sun’s south pole. This only happens once every 11 years, at the point in the solar cycle when the Sun’s magnetic field flips. Solar Orbiter will keep a close eye on the Sun – including its poles – for the years to come. Its unique viewing angle will change our understanding of the Sun’s magnetic field, the solar cycle and the workings of space weather.
旁白字幕：
0:06 如果我們能從前所未見
0:08-0:11 的全新視角觀察太陽？
0:14 太陽軌道載具首度揭開
0:16 太陽神秘極區特寫影像
0:18 這片長期隱沒的領域
0:21 終現世人眼前
0:24 迄今所有太陽影像
0:26 皆攝自赤道區域
0:30 因地球與多數太空載具
0:32 皆沿黃道面繞日運行
0:35 但太陽軌道載具突破常規
0:38 2025年執行軌道傾斜
0:42 使人類首度窺見
0:45 太陽南磁極真貌
0:50 驚異發現南北磁極
0:52 竟相互纏繞交織
0:57 此現象標示太陽正處
0:59 11年活動週期巔峰
1:02 磁極翻轉關鍵時刻
1:04 透過精密儀器陣列
1:07 -09 載具完整捕捉從日表至外層大氣的樣態
1:12 貫穿各層級結構變化
1:14 直抵日冕邊際
1:17 此數據對解構太陽風
1:19 及衝擊衛星系統的磁暴
1:22 至關重要
1:25 更攸關地球電網通訊
1:27 未來數年隨軌道爬升
1:29 觀測視野將越發澄明
1:32 更多前所未見的奇景
1:35 正陸續傳回地球
0:06 what if we could look at the sun from a
0:08 whole new angle one we’ve never seen
0:11 before
0:14 for the first time Solar Orbiter has
0:16 captured close-up images of the sun’s
0:18 mysterious poles regions long hidden
0:21 from view
0:24 until now every image of the sun you’ve
0:26 ever seen was taken around its equator
0:30 that’s because Earth the other planets
0:32 and most spacecraft travel in a flat
0:35 orbit around the sun but Solar Orbiter
0:38 is different in 2025 it tilted its path
0:42 out of this plane giving us a first ever
0:45 look at the sun’s south pole
0:50 remarkably it found both the north and
0:52 south magnetic fields tangled together
0:57 this is a sign that the sun is at the
0:59 peak of its 11-year activity cycle when
1:02 its magnetic poles flip
1:04 with its powerful instruments Solar
1:07 Orbiter captures what’s happening in the
1:09 sun’s outer layers from its surface
1:12 through the layers in between all the
1:14 way to the outer atmosphere
1:17 this is key to understanding solar wind
1:19 and solar storms which can disrupt
1:22 satellites power grids and radio signals
1:25 here on Earth
1:27 as Solar Orbiter climbs to even higher
1:29 orbits over the next years its view will
1:32 become even clearer bringing us more
1:35 views we’ve never seen before
接著是中文解說的影片：
相關新聞：
太陽磁場反轉之謎有望破解？歐洲太空總署公開史上最清晰太陽影像
ESA: Solar Orbiter gets world-first views of the Sun’s poles
BBC: First view of the Sun’s south pole filmed by spacecraft
