澳洲昆士蘭2013-2020生態旅遊發展策略及行動方案

澳洲昆士蘭州(Queensland),位於澳洲的東北部,面積為澳洲第二大州,人口排名全澳第三,境內有六處世界自然遺產保護區,其中名聞遐邇的大堡礁,是世界上最大的天然珊瑚礁和珊瑚群島。除了海洋資源,昆士蘭森林資源也非常豐富,生物多樣性高,因此昆士蘭州也是澳洲生態旅遊的熱區。

昆士蘭州政府在2013年發布了「昆士蘭2013至2020生態旅遊發展策略及行動方案」(Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2013-2020)(後有更新版本Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2016–2020),它先敘述發展生態旅遊的重要性,接著談昆士蘭生態旅遊的機會與挑戰,然後提出發展生態旅遊的願景與策略,最後提出短中程行動方案,分成6個月、12個月、2年及3年行動方案,並且指定負責推動的單位,依序進展。許多都很具體,確實是可行的計畫,而不是喊口號。而這計畫也看出昆士蘭政府的企圖心,由這企圖心再來談如何做,強度就不會弱了。這裡面有昆士蘭觀光旅遊相關統計資料,也有許多對發展生態旅遊的想法與做法,雖然有些看起來也是滿大眾旅遊訴求的,但基本上是一份很值得參考、借鏡及學習的資料,我將部分重點翻譯如下,請參考。如有翻譯不妥、誤解甚至錯誤的地方,敬請不吝指正!

至於全文,尤其是策略與行動方案,因為細項繁多,無暇翻譯,只好請大家參考原文,敬請見諒!

前言:(Foreword)

觀光產業是昆士蘭州經濟發展的重要骨幹,雖然全世界都在拼觀光帶動經濟,是國際間競爭激烈的產業,但昆士蘭州政府仍立下了一個甚具挑戰性的成長目標,希望在2020年前,觀光收入要達到300億澳幣(約8100億台幣)。(The tourism industry remains one of the backbone economic sectors of our state. However the tourism industry is also one of the most competitive industries worldwide. The Queensland Government has set an ambitious target to grow tourism, and especially visitor expenditure, in the state to $30 billion by 2020.)

「昆士蘭2013至2020生態旅遊發展策略及行動方案」提點出政府可以將昆士蘭打造為澳洲排名第一的生態旅遊地之行動方案。(The development of the Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2013–2020 outlines the government’s actions to make our state Australia’s number one ecotourism destination.)

本計畫的核心價值就是透過生態旅遊確保我們的自然資源及文化遺產可以完好保存。(At the core of this plan is a vision that ensures that the delivery of ecotourism experiences contribute to the conservation of our natural resources and our cultural heritage.)

透過這計畫,我們聚焦在經由昆士蘭各種不同特色的地景資源提供創新的生態旅遊體驗,同時確保在高消費的澳洲旅遊地享有物超所質的旅遊品質。(Through this plan we will focus on delivering new innovative ecotourism experiences across the varied landscapes that exist in this State. We will also ensure that we deliver value for money experiences that compete on quality for what is a relatively high cost destination like Australia.)

我們最終目標就是昆士蘭成為全球生態旅遊領導品牌。(Ultimately we will ensure that Queensland will become known worldwide as a leader in ecotourism.)

第1頁重點:

昆士蘭發展生態旅遊的願景:(The vision for ecotourism in Queensland)

2020年前欲達成的願景:昆士蘭是澳洲第一名生態旅遊地,同時是世界領導品牌,提供以自然為基礎的最佳旅遊體驗,並維護自然資源及文化遺產。(The vision to be achieved by 2020:Queensland is Australia’s number one ecotourism destination and recognised as a world leader in ecotourism, delivering best practice nature-based experiences that contribute to the conservation of our natural resources and cultural heritage.)

要達成此願景就要先執行底下幾項策略:

1.提供世界級的旅遊體驗

2.促進優異且創新的操作實務

3.提升昆士蘭生態旅遊形象

4.加速繁榮旅遊業

5.強化旅遊業、政府、社區及傳統領域地主之夥伴關係

(This vision will be achieved through the implementation of the following strategic priorities:

1. Delivering world-class experiences
2. Facilitating best practice and innovation
3. Raising the profile of Queensland’s ecotourism experiences
4. Fostering thriving operators
5. Embracing a partnership approach between the tourism industry, government, community and Traditional Owners.)

 

第5頁重點:

依據此計畫目的,我們定義的「生態旅遊」(比照「澳洲生態旅遊協會」的定義)為:在可以促進遊客對旅遊地環境及文化的領會、欣賞及保護的自然區域進行永續生態的旅遊活動(For the purposes of the plan, ecotourism is defined(by Ecotourism Australia) as “ecologically sustainable tourism with a primary focus on experiencing natural areas that fosters environmental and cultural understanding, appreciation and conservation”.)

 

第9頁重點:

昆士蘭生態旅遊四大特色主題:

1.親近自然

2.昆士蘭生活方式

3.冒險

4.島嶼及海灘

(The four key themes of the brand strongly feature ecotourism:
• Natural encounters
• Queensland lifestyle
• Adventure
• Islands and beaches)

 

第10頁重點:

昆士蘭生態旅遊的機會與挑戰(Opportunities and challenges for ecotourism in Queensland)

機會:

1.近來國內旅遊市場成長

2.以新的及獨特的生態體驗促進遊客進入國家公園與其他自然區域

3.發展新產品及融合原有體驗以留住既有市場並開拓新客源

4.發展從優質露營到奢華木屋值回票價的不同層次商品

5.增強昆士蘭自然資源對遊客的吸引力,尤其是那些期望參與自然活動的一日遊或跨日遊的旅客。

6.增進想要一親世界級自然資源芳澤的遊客比例,尤其是中國與印度遊客。

7.透過財務手段與友善支持及管理,增進旅遊對自然資源的保護貢獻。

8.確認昆士蘭獨特的生態旅遊賣點及王牌商品,以形塑世界級的生態旅遊地

9.強化昆士蘭世界遺產地是「一生必看」景點的意象

10.增加喜歡在假期裡熱衷活動或尋求幸福感的遊客量以獲取利潤

11.使用新科技因應快速變化的顧客需求

12.發展既有及新的生態旅遊產品來刺激地方或區域的經濟發展

13.因為昆士蘭得天獨厚的現況,所以擁有全澳最多生態認證的旅遊業者及領先全球的保護區經營管理

14.提供植基於科學、研究及說故事的超優質解說服務,讓遊客獲得豐富有趣的旅遊經驗。

15.切合喜愛冒險活動且國內外都逐步成長的年輕遊客市場需求

16.融入原住民元素創造獨特的生態旅遊市場區隔,並提供傳統領域或原住民社區發展經濟與文化的機會。

17.善用日漸成長的志工旅遊風潮,吸引遊客在假期進行對環境有益的旅遊活動。

18.昆士蘭讓遊客在多樣的區塊體驗高端的自然價值,打造、推動為全球生態旅遊的領導品牌並從中獲利。

19.昆士蘭極具特色的健行活動可成為重點發展的生態旅遊體驗項目。

(Opportunities

• Recent growth in the domestic visitor market
• Improving visitor access to Queensland’s national parks and other natural assets through new and unique eco-experiences
• Developing new products and realigning existing experiences to remain relevant to traditional markets and engage new markets
• Developing value-for-money ecotourism experiences across the product range from premium camping through to boutique lodges
• Leveraging the attraction of nature for visitors to Queensland, particularly the growing umber of overnight and day-trip visitors wanting to participate in nature-based activities
• Increasing Queensland’s share of emerging visitor markets seeking world-class nature, in particular visitors from China and India
• Increased contribution by tourism to the conservation of natural assets through financial and in-kind support, including stewardship
• Identifying Queensland ecotourism’s unique selling proposition and hero products to enable the state to position itself as a world-leading ecotourism destination
• Maximising the iconic ‘must-see’ tourism values of Queensland’s World Heritage areas
• Capitalising on the increasing number of visitors seeking active engagement and improved wellbeing from their holidays
• Embracing new technology and adapting to rapidly changing consumer needs
• Providing stimulus for local and regional economies through the development of new and existing ecotourism products
• Leveraging Queensland’s status as having the highest number of eco-certifi ed tourism operators across Australia, and delivering world-leading protected area management
• Providing excellence in interpretation—drawing on science, research and storytelling to provide visitors with an enriching experience
• Meeting the needs of a growing international and domestic youth market who are seeking to actively engage in adventurebased activities
• Incorporating lndigenous elements in ecotourism experiences to create a unique point of difference and provide economic and social development opportunities for Traditional Owners
and Indigenous communities
• Taking advantage of the increasing interest in voluntourism to attract visitors seeking holidays that contribute positively to the environment
• Capitalising on the global megatrends occurring, promoting Queensland as a world leader in ecotourism with
opportunities to experience a huge diversity of areas with high natural values
• Leveraging Queensland’s iconic bushwalking opportunities as key ecotourism experiences.)

(譯按:bushwalking 其他類似英文名詞有hiking、tramping、 hill walking、 rambling及  trekking等,澳洲有此一主題網站,請點閱https://www.bushwalkingaustralia.org/參考。) 

挑戰:

1.進入澳洲及昆士蘭州國家公園的國際遊客有減少趨勢

2.低價的交通運輸使得國人更容易轉往國外旅遊

3.低價的國外旅遊地提供類似的生態旅遊產品但價格更便宜

4.東南亞旅遊地同樣提供高端且「一生必遊」的野生物及文化體驗,因而快速瓜分了全球市場

5.與我們競爭的他國旅遊地因為較低的營運成本,可為了因應市場的快速變遷而以較低的門檻發展與創新服務內容。

6.澳洲無法與他國在價格上競爭,只能努力「物超所值」。

7.疲弱的經濟環境阻礙了業者對生態旅遊產品的再投資

8.監理上的一些法規限制,使得私部門限縮對生態旅遊的投資

9.自然保育行動會影響商業運作及生存

(Challenges

• A decline in international visitors to national parks in Queensland and Australia
• Low-cost carriers make it easier for the domestic market to travel internationally
• Low-cost international destinations are offering similar ecotourism products at a much cheaper price
• South-east Asian destinations are growing their global share of the ecotourism market with high-end and ‘once in a lifetime’ wildlife and cultural experiences
• Competing international destinations that have lower costs for development and fewer barriers for innovation are in a position to respond more rapidly to market shifts
• Australia has to offer value-for-money as it cannot compete on price
• An unfavourable economic environment has restricted re-investment in ecotourism products
• Regulatory barriers are constraining private investment in ecotourism
• Natural events that can impact business operation and viability.)

延伸閱讀: 

澳洲愛您一生一世綠色旅遊指南電子書上網,也可下載

澳洲大堡礁分區管制簡介

     澳洲大堡礁遊客須知

澳洲觀光產業必須更綠色環保 Australian tourism ‘needs to be greener’

澳洲5百餘篇生態旅遊、永續旅遊研究報告免費下載

澳洲綠色旅遊指南電子書可以線上閱覽

澳洲大堡礁管理當局對我疑問的回應

澳洲巴林湖國家公園遊船餵食野生動物

     澳洲凱恩斯天軌纜車看雨林景觀

      澳洲大堡礁綠島一瞥

澳洲大堡礁生態旅遊問題多

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