2022年11月5日至13日，《拉姆薩濕地公約》（The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands）第十四屆締約方大會（14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14)）召開。在中國武漢設線上線下主會場，在瑞士日內瓦設線上線下分會場。此次會議主題為「珍愛濕地，人與自然和諧共生」（Wetlands Action for People and Nature），強調濕地生態系統作為基於自然的人類和地球健康解決方案的重要性——濕地生態系統服務每年價值 47 兆美元（highlighting the importance of wetland ecosystems as nature-based solutions for human and planetary health – with wetlands’ ecosystem services valued at 47 trillion USD per year.）。
11月6日部長及大使級高級別會議（ High-Level Ministerial Segment）通過《武漢宣言》 ，呼籲各方採取行動，遏制和扭轉全球濕地退化引發的系統性風險。
《武漢宣言》指出，自《拉姆薩濕地公約》締結51年來，儘管已指定2466個國際重要濕地，認定了43個濕地城市，發起了19項區域倡議，各方為實現濕地持續保護做出了許多努力，但全球自然濕地面積仍減少了35%。
宣言呼籲，推進濕地保護、修復、管理以及合理和永續利用的立法和執法，並為評估和維護濕地生態系統服務做出努力；開展濕地及其生態系統服務的自然資產評估和核算；保護、修復和永續管理城市與郊區的濕地，酌情建立濕地公園或濕地教育中心；採取濕地保護和修復措施，以應對社會、經濟和環境的挑戰；鼓勵對泥炭地、珊瑚礁和海草床、紅樹林、高原濕地、地下水系等脆弱生態系統適當採取優先保護和管理；加強濕地水污染防治；加強全球濕地保護工作者的技術合作和知識共享等。
以下是中英文全文內容，請參考：
我們，各締約方的部長、部長級官員和大使，于2022年11月6日參加《濕地公約》（以下簡稱《公約》）第十四屆締約方大會高級別會議，特此：
認識到濕地是全球重要生態系統之一，濕地保護、修復、管理以及合理和永續利用對於應對氣候變化和生物多樣性喪失等緊迫環境、社會和經濟挑戰至關重要，同時保障著人類和整個地球的健康和福祉安全；
深切地關注到，自《公約》締結51年以來，儘管目前已指定2466個國際重要濕地，認定了43個濕地城市，發起了19項區域倡議，各級為實現濕地持續保護並不斷提供惠益和服務作出了許多努力，但自然濕地仍然減少了35%，導致寶貴的生態系統及其功能和服務受損，影響到所有個人和社區；
重申濕地保護、修復和合理利用是《公約》的核心原則，與其他多邊環境協定所有利益相關方合作，抓緊實施好這些原則，對於遏制和扭轉生物多樣性喪失，減緩、適應和抵禦氣候變化不利影響，實現2030年永續發展議程及其永續發展目標，落實聯合國生態系統十年修復行動，造福今世後代都是至關重要的；
認識到濕地生態系統雖易受氣候變化影響，但如能永續管理，則可提供基於自然的解決方案和生態系統方法，減緩和適應氣候變化影響，保護水資源，減少侵蝕，抵禦洪水和風暴潮，進而維護生物多樣性，減輕災害風險並增加碳吸收；
鼓勵締約方將濕地納入國家永續發展計畫以及其他國家計畫，也認識到濕地可為國家和地方經濟帶來惠益；
強調《聯合國原住民權利宣言》規定的原住民在自由、事先知情同意下充分有效參與的重要性，以及鄉土知識和做法在促進濕地保護、修復和合理利用方面的作用；
認識到包括婦女、青年、地方社區在內的民間團體和非政府利益相關方在實施《公約》過程中發揮著重要作用；
確認必須從各種管道公開透明籌措資金的重要性，以有效實施《公約》，阻止和扭轉締約方的濕地喪失和退化；
考慮到《2021年全球濕地展望》、《聯合國環境署第六次全球環境展望》、《生物多樣性公約第五次全球生物多樣性展望》、《政府間氣候變化專門委員會（IPCC）第六次評估第二工作組報告》以及生態系統服務政府間科學政策平臺（IPBES）開展的生物多樣性和生態系統服務全球和區域評估；
因此迫切宣告：在《公約》締結51周年之際，為避免全球濕地持續退化和喪失而引發的系統性風險，我們必須以強烈意願和實際行動，促進各類濕地的保護、修復、管理以及合理和可持續利用。
為此，我們將努力
1.採取適當和緊急的措施，實現遏制和扭轉全球濕地喪失的目標；
2.考慮各締約方不同需求，從各種管道籌措更多資源，以強化實施《濕地公約第四期戰略計畫》，並制定具有更大力度的第五期戰略計畫，在2030年前採取更有影響力的行動；
3.考慮將濕地保護、修復、管理以及合理和永續利用納入國內立法、計畫或行動，以促進永續發展目標和其他相關多邊環境協議的實施，以及相關國際協議和機構之間的協同增效；
4.鼓勵所有締約方與民間團體利益相關方、學術界和私營部門合作，針對濕地保護、修復、管理以及合理和永續利用，在保障社會和環境安全下，制定戰略目標和優先領域，並利用創新技術加強濕地調查、監測和評估；
5.支持各締約方根據《公約》，推進濕地保護、修復、管理以及合理和永續利用的立法和執法，並為評估和維護濕地生態系統服務作出努力；
6.開展濕地及其生態系統服務的自然資產評估和核算，酌情利用財務框架對濕地進行價值估算，開展生態系統服務補償，以便根據國情和優先行動，探索和建立創新、多樣的投融資機制，促進濕地保護、修復、管理以及合理和永續利用；
7.保護、修復和永續地管理城市和郊區的濕地，酌情建立濕地公園或濕地教育中心，推進濕地城市認證，建設具有氣候韌性、生物多樣性友好及永續的濕地城市；
8.採取濕地保護和修復措施，以應對諸如生物多樣性喪失、氣候變化、土地和水資源退化、毀林、荒漠化、災害風險和人類健康風險等社會、經濟和環境挑戰；
9.加強濕地的保護、修復和永續管理，特別是作為遷徙、瀕危和特有物種棲息地的濕地，以及在水迴圈中發揮重要作用的濕地；鼓勵對泥炭地、珊瑚礁和海草床、紅樹林、高原濕地、地下水系等脆弱生態系統適當採取優先保護和管理；
10.加強濕地水污染防治，發展環境衛生服務，建設廢水處理基礎設施，實施流域綜合管理，促進永續的生產和消費模式，以減少濕地污染；
11.利用《公約》區域倡議、科技委員會、宣教計畫以及其他相關多邊環境協議下設科學機構等，加強全球濕地保護工作者之間的技術合作和知識共用；
12.鼓勵締約方根據國家法律法規，確保原住民和地方社區、婦女、青年、殘障者、學術界、民間團體和私營部門充分參與各類濕地的保護、修復、管理以及合理和永續利用，實現人與自然和諧共生。
We, Ministers, Ministerial-level officials, and Ambassadors of the Contracting Parties, gathered at the high-level segment of the 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), on 6th November 2022, hereby:
RECOGNIZE that wetlands are one of the key global ecosystems, and their conservation, restoration, management, wise and sustainable use is vital to addressing urgent environmental, social, and economic challenges, such as climate change and biodiversity loss whilst ensuring health and well-being of humanity and the entire planet;
EXPRESS our deep concern that, despite 2,466 wetlands of international importance currently designated, 43 wetland cities accredited, 19 Ramsar Regional Initiatives launched, and the numerous efforts made at all levels to realize sustained conservation of and continued benefits and services from wetlands since the Convention entered into force 51 years ago, natural wetlands have declined by 35%, resulting in the loss of invaluable ecosystems, and their functions and services,
affecting all individuals and communities;
REAFFIRM the conservation, restoration and wise use of wetlands as the central principles underpinning the Convention, and that urgent implementation of these principles in collaboration with all stakeholders including other Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), is critical to halting and reversing biodiversity loss; to mitigating, adapting and building resilience to the negative impacts of climate change; and to delivering the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, for the benefits of current and future generations;
ACKNOWLEDGE that wetland ecosystems are both vulnerable to climate change and at the same time, if sustainably managed, provide nature-based solutions (NbS) and ecosystem-based approaches, as appropriate, to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change, to preserve water resources, reduce erosion, prevent flooding and storm surges, thereby sustaining biodiversity, mitigating disaster risks and sequestering carbon;
ENCOURAGE Contracting Parties to include wetlands in national sustainable development plans, as well as other national plans, and recognize the benefits that wetlands can provide to national and local economies;
STRESS the importance of Indigenous Peoples’ full and effective participation with free, prior and informed consent, as set out in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), and stress the importance of the role of Indigenous
Knowledge and their practices in improving the conservation, restoration and wise use of wetlands;
RECOGNIZE the important role played by civil society and non-governmental stakeholders, including women and youth as well as local communities in the implementation of the Convention;
AFFIRM the importance of transparently and openly mobilizing financial resources from all sources to enable the effective implementation of the Convention and halt and reverse the loss and degradation of wetlands in Contracting Parties;
CONSIDER the assessments of the Global Wetland Outlook 2021, the Sixth UNEP Global Environment Outlook, the Fifth CBD Global Biodiversity Outlook, the IPCC WGII Sixth Assessment Report and the Global and Regional Assessments of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services undertaken by IPBES;
THEREFORE DECLARE WITH URGENCY that, on the occasion of the 51st anniversary of the Convention, strong will and practical actions are needed to promote the conservation, restoration, management, wise and sustainable use of all types of wetlands and to prevent and/or to mitigate the systematic risks arising from the continuing loss and degradation of wetlands worldwide.
To this end, we will endeavor to
1. TAKE appropriate and urgent measures to achieve the goal of halting and reversing the loss of wetlands globally;
2. MOBILIZE more resources from all sources to strengthen the implementation of the 4th Ramsar Strategic Plan, while setting the ambitious 5th Ramsar Strategic Plan for impactful actions towards 2030, taking into account the diverse needs of the Contracting Parties;
3. CONSIDER INCORPORATING the conservation, restoration, management, wise and sustainable use of wetlands into domestic legislation, plans or actions to contribute to the implementation of the SDGs and other relevant MEAs and to promote synergy among these instruments and relevant agencies;
4. ENCOURAGE all Contracting Parties, to define strategic goals and priority areas for conservation, restoration, management, wise and sustainable use of wetlands in partnership with civil society stakeholders, academia and the private sector while ensuring their social and environmental safeguard; and to enhance wetland inventory, monitoring and assessment through innovative technologies;
5. SUPPORT legislation and implementation of wetlands conservation, restoration, management, wise and sustainable use in harmony with the Convention, and make efforts to assess and maintain wetland ecosystem services;
6. UNDERTAKE the assessment and accounting of the natural capital of wetlands and their ecosystem services, including the integration of wetlands valuation into financial frameworks and payments for ecosystem services, as appropriate, with a view to exploring and establishing innovative and diversified investment and financing mechanisms for wetlands conservation, restoration, management, and wise and sustainable use according to national circumstances and priorities;
7. CONSERVE, RESTORE AND SUSTAINABLY MANAGE wetlands in urban and suburban areas, through establishing wetland parks or wetland education centers and promoting the Wetland City Accreditation Scheme as appropriate, so as to build climate-resilient, biodiversity-inclusive and sustainable wetland cities;
8. UNDERTAKE wetlands conservation and restoration to address social, economic and environmental challenges, such as biodiversity loss, climate change, land and water degradation, deforestation, desertification, disaster risks, and risks to human health;
9. ENHANCE the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of wetlands, and do so especially for wetlands that serve as habitats for migratory, threatened and endemic species, and those that play a major role in water cycle as well as encourage priority conservation and management of vulnerable ecosystems such as peatlands, coral reefs and seagrass beds, mangroves, highland wetlands and subterranean wetlands, where applicable;
10. REINFORCE water pollution prevention and control in wetlands by developing sanitation and wastewater treatment services and infrastructures, implementing integrated water management at the river basin level, and promoting sustainable production and consumption patterns to reduce pollution of wetlands;
11. STRENGTHEN technical cooperation and knowledge sharing among global wetland conservation practitioners through Ramsar Regional Initiatives, the Scientific and Technical Review Panel (STRP), the Programme on Communication, Capacity Building, Education, Participation and Awareness (CEPA), and other subsidiary scientific bodies related to MEAs;
12. ENCOURAGE Contracting Parties in line with domestic legislation, to ensure full participation of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, women, youth, persons with disabilities, academia, civil society organizations and the private sector in the conservation, restoration, management, wise and sustainable use of all types of wetlands for the benefits of people and nature.
延伸閱讀：
2021年鰲鼓濕地巡守與生態旅遊自然資源監測調查結果分析報告
人工濕地玩出來的生態：澳洲昆士蘭Mareeba濕地的自然旅遊（影片與相片）
本網誌「鰲鼓濕地生態旅遊地特寫」、「環境保護」、「生態保育」、「一分鐘生態小電影」專欄各文
