2020至2024年這五年中,地球將可能再創高溫紀錄(中英對照)

英國氣象局在2020年1月30日發布消息說,根據最新的預測,2020年至2024年這五年當中,地球將可能再創高溫紀錄。

目前有溫度觀測以來最熱的一年是2016年,但是英國氣象局最新的預測模式顯示,未來五年內有可能創下新的年度高溫紀錄。

預計從2020年到2024年的各個年份將比工業化前的狀況高1.06°C至1.62°C,這將打破2016年創下的1.16°C。

考慮到整個未來五年,預計平均溫度將比工業化前的水平高1.15°C至1.46°C。相較之下,最近五年(2015-2019年)的平均升溫為1.09°C,是有紀錄以來最溫暖的五個年頭。

這些溫度變化與大氣中持續高水平的溫室氣體量是一致的。

英國氣象局研究員Doug Smith博士是長年期氣候預測的專家,他說:「最新的五年預測顯示,持續的變暖與溫室氣體的持續高水平是一致的。預報中存在不確定性,但估計大多數地區會變暖,而且預報模式顯示陸地會加劇變暖,尤其是北歐、亞洲和北美,這延續了一直以來的趨勢。」

目前相對涼爽的北大西洋也可能變暖,並加劇歐洲的變暖。

儘管預測表明未來五年全球平均溫度可能會升高,但研究者估計,相對於工業化前時期,任何一年超過1.5°C的機會都低於10%。

Stephen Belcher教授是英國氣象局首席科學家。他說:「暫時超過1.5°C並不意味著將違反《巴黎協議》。 聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會對全球溫度保持在1.5°C以下的建議是指長期的平均值,而不是講單一年份。但是,隨著我們的預測顯示出進一步的升溫趨勢,機會之窗愈來愈小了。」

英國氣象局是全球領先的短期氣候預測中心,其中包括季節性、年度、十年和長年期預報。負責長期預報的負責人Adam Scaife教授說:「通過用當前的氣候狀態設定的電腦模型,英國氣象局已經發展出愈來愈強的預測氣候變動的能力。除非火山爆發,這些預測其實也讓我們看到世界距全球溫度超過1.5°C的界線已經不遠了。」

對全球溫度的觀測來自國際三個主要的溫度數據中心的平均值:英國氣象局哈德利氣候預測與研究中心美國航空暨太空總署以及美國國家海洋暨大氣總署

 

Latest predictions suggest that Earth’s global average temperature is likely to reach record warmth during the five-year period 2020-2024.

The current warmest year on record is 2016, but the latest forecast based on Met Office computer models suggest a new annual record is likely within the next five years.

Individual years from 2020 to 2024 are predicted to be between 1.06 °C and 1.62 °C above pre-industrial conditions, and it is ‘likely’ the current record – of 1.16 °C, set in 2016, – will be beaten.

Considering the coming five-year period as a whole, average temperatures are expected to be between 1.15 °C and 1.46 °C above pre-industrial levels. This compares to the last five years (2015-2019) which showed average warming of 1.09 °C, and was the warmest five-year period on record.

These temperatures are consistent with continued high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases.

Dr Doug Smith is a Met Office fellow and expert on decadal prediction. He said: “The latest five-year forecast suggests continued warming, consistent with sustained high levels of greenhouse gases. Uncertainties exist within the forecast, but most regions are expected to be warmer and forecast patterns suggest enhanced warming over land, especially northern parts of Europe, Asia and North America – extending the ongoing trend.”

Current relatively cool conditions in the north Atlantic are also predicted to warm, potentially exacerbating the warming over Europe.

Although the forecast suggests a likely increase in global average temperature over the next five-years, the authors estimate the chance of any single year exceeding 1.5 °C – relative to the pre-industrial period – to be less than 10 per cent.

Professor Stephen Belcher is the Met Office chief scientist. He said: “A temporary exceedance of 1.5 °C doesn’t mean that the Paris Agreement will be breached. The IPCC’s recommendation of keeping global temperature below a 1.5 °C rise refers to a long-term average rather than an individual year. However, with our forecast showing a further warming trend, the window of opportunity continues to narrow.”

The Met Office is a world-leading centre for near-term climate prediction, which includes seasonal, annual, decadal and multi-annual forecasts. Professor Adam Scaife is the Met Office’s head of long-range prediction. He said: “By initializing computer models with the current state of the climate, the Met Office has demonstrated increasing skill to predict fluctuations in the climate. Barring a large volcanic eruption, these predictions show that we are rapidly approaching the point where we will see temporary excursions of global temperature above the 1.5 °C threshold.”

The observations of global temperatures are an average of three leading global temperature datasets: HadCRUT4, NASA and NOAA.

 

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